[Esip-documentation] geospatial_bounds: how to show 3-D bbox?

Jim Biard jbiard at cicsnc.org
Tue Jan 24 16:25:57 EST 2017


John,

It is a horrible mess. And, like Ted mentioned in the other sub-thread, 
you probably should use a 3D coordinate system for your two polygons. If 
you give the two polygons different z values, you could go with the 
assumption that the volume between them is the bounds. The 3D geographic 
CRS EPSG::7665 is one example.

As I read more (it's been a while since I messed with this issue), I see 
that the OGC WKT spec defines Extent as "the spatial applicability of a 
CRS..." The standard says that this comes from ISO19115:2003, but that 
it expressly prohibits using polygons because they could get too long. 
It describes using a bounding box (lat and lon min and max) and a 
vertical extent (z min and max). Would a single polygon along with the 
vertical extent be sufficient for your needs?

Grace and peace,

Jim


On 1/24/17 2:47 PM, John Maurer wrote:
> Thanks, Jim. I'm accustomed to lon lat order in the BBOX parameter of 
> WMS requests using EPSG:4326, which is what brought this to my 
> attention to begin with. I did some further research, and I've clearly 
> fallen down the rabbit hole here. This issue has a history of reversal 
> and mass confusion. I think the this page 
> <http://docs.geotools.org/latest/userguide/library/referencing/order.html> 
> summarizes it well (quoted below). Sadly, for something so 
> fundamental, the fallout of this is that it's anybody's guess and 
> different tools and services expect different coordinate orders. :( In 
> a "strict" sense, ACDD has the "correct" answer so the Wiki example 
> does not require modification. Sorry to rehash this with you all.
> Cheers,
> John
>
>
>         The problem
>
>     In the EPSG database, 4326 maps to a geographic CRS with
>     (latitude, longitude) axis order. However, most software in the
>     field understand EPSG:4326 as a geographic CRS with (longitude,
>     latitude) axis order, because legacy OGC specifications were
>     designed that way. The problem is not limited to EPSG:4326; it
>     applies to most geographic CRS defined in the EPSG database. The
>     axis order understood by currently existing software is in
>     violation with what the EPSG database said.
>
>     Prior to the June 2005 meetings, there was considerable email
>     dialogue between OGC members regarding axis order and coordinate
>     reference systems. After some discussion, the members in
>     attendance agreed that going forward, for new specifications,
>     coordinate values shall be listed in the axis order specified by
>     the referenced coordinate reference system (CRS). However no
>     clarification was ever gained on what the situation with existing
>     specifications was. The reality-on-the-ground is that every WFS
>     1.0 implementation tested that advertised EPSG:4326 as its CRS
>     returned data on (longitude, latitude) order.
>
>     Starting in WMS 1.1, the specification actually explicitly states
>     that the EPSG axis order is to be used, while making a special
>     case exception for EPSG:4326, which was to be in (longitude,
>     latitude) order. Oddly, they did not make exceptions for all
>     geographic coordinate systems (like, say EPSG:4269) just for
>     EPSG:4326. Finally in WMS 1.3, that exception was dropped as well,
>     to consternation all around. From WMS 1.3.0 / ISO 19128:2005,
>     published by ISO on 2005-11-23:
>
>       * EXAMPLE: EPSG:4326 refers to WGS 84 geographic latitude, then
>         longitude. That is, in this CRS the x axis corresponds to
>         latitude, and the y axis to longitude.
>
>     The GeoTools referencing module can not guess by itself when to
>     returns a coordinate reference system (CRS) exactly as specified
>     in the EPSG database, and when to returns a CRS with axis order
>     forced to (longitude, latitude) no matter what the database said.
>     The decision is left to the users or to the DataStore
>     implementers. The choice may changes among different versions of
>     the same standard.
>
>     Because GeoTools is designed for handling data from different
>     sources, users need to choose between “strict EPSG axis order” and
>     “modified axis order” on a case-by-case basis. A consequence is
>     that a running Java Virtual Machine may contains two different
>     instances of a CRS, one with (latitude, longitude) axis order and
>     the other one with (longitude, latitude) axis order, and both
>     claiming to be EPSG:4326. Experience has show that the coexistence
>     of such conflicting CRS in the same application can lead to some
>     error like StackOverflowError in non-cautious code.
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 9:24 AM, Jim Biard <jbiard at cicsnc.org 
> <mailto:jbiard at cicsnc.org>> wrote:
>
>     If you go to the EPSG website - https://www.epsg-registry.org/ -
>     and search for code 4326, you will find the full definition. It is
>     quite explicit that the order is lat, lon. The WKT generated for
>     the CRS is
>
>     GEODCRS["WGS 84",
>        DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",
>          ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1.0]]],
>        CS[ellipsoidal,2],
>          AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1]],
>          AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2]],
>          ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.01745329252],
>        ID["EPSG",4326]]
>
>     The ellipsoidal CS that specifies this is EPSG::6422. If you look
>     it up, it is in agreement. There's no place I can find where this
>     coordinate system is properly represented as lon,lat. If you can
>     find an authoritative source I'd love to hear about it. I'd love
>     to be able to do the sensible thing in code (right-hand coordinate
>     systems should rule the day!) and not feel guilty.
>
>     Grace and peace,
>
>     Jim
>
>     On 1/24/17 1:47 PM, John Maurer wrote:
>>     Actually, I believe there is more to this topic. The spec says
>>     the order should follow the CRS given*. For EPSG:4326
>>     <http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/wgs-84/>, the order is lon
>>     lat. For CRS:84, the order is lat lon. Yes, confusing, but stuck
>>     that way for legacy reasons. So, I believe it depends on
>>     geospatial_bounds_crs. In my case (and in many cases, I'm
>>     guessing, including the ACDD default), I'm setting
>>     geospatial_bounds_crs to ESPG:4326, so I believe I (and your wiki
>>     example) should use lon lat order in geospatial_bounds. This also
>>     trips up people a lot in WMS 1.3.0 requests, where lon lat order
>>     switches between EPSG:4326 and CRS:84 (one example
>>     <https://viswaug.wordpress.com/2009/03/15/reversed-co-ordinate-axis-order-for-epsg4326-vs-crs84-when-requesting-wms-130-images/>).
>>     Thoughts?
>>     Cheers,
>>     John
>>     * http://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/12-063r5/12-063r5.html#41
>>     <http://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/12-063r5/12-063r5.html#41>
>>
>>         If <axis order> is omitted from the WKT string the sequence
>>         of <axis> descriptions shall imply the order of the axes and
>>         of coordinates referenced to the CRS. 
>>
>>     On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 8:10 AM, Anna Milan - NOAA Federal via
>>     Esip-documentation <esip-documentation at lists.esipfed.org
>>     <mailto:esip-documentation at lists.esipfed.org>> wrote:
>>
>>         So - I should NOT change the order in the wiki example?
>>         Anna
>>         *~~~~~~Metadata Adds Meaning~~~~~~*
>>         Anna.Milan at noaa.gov <mailto:Anna.Milan at noaa.gov>,
>>         303-497-5099 <tel:%28303%29%20497-5099>
>>         NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
>>         (formerly NOAA’s National Geophysical Data Center)
>>         http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/emma
>>         <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/emma>
>>         *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
>>         On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 7:50 AM, Jim Biard via
>>         Esip-documentation <esip-documentation at lists.esipfed.org
>>         <mailto:esip-documentation at lists.esipfed.org>> wrote:
>>
>>             Sadly (to me, at any rate), the official EPSG/OGC/WKT
>>             definition for latitude longitude order is lat before
>>             lon. It's left-handed and drives me insane every time,
>>             but apparently the historical definition from way back is
>>             lat before lon. It makes regular headaches for people
>>             that need to accomodate both projected and geodetic
>>             coordinates, but it is what it is.
>>
>>             Here's a discussion -
>>             http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/postgis-users/2015-November/040971.html
>>             <http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/postgis-users/2015-November/040971.html>
>>
>>             Grace and peace,
>>
>>             Jim
>>
>>             On 1/23/17 10:10 PM, John Maurer via Esip-documentation
>>             wrote:
>>>             P.S. Your POLYGON example for geospatial_bounds on the
>>>             following page has latitudes and longitudes in the wrong
>>>             order. Instead of listing coordinate pairs in lat, lon
>>>             (y, x) order they should be lon, lat (x, y).
>>>             http://wiki.esipfed.org/index.php/Attribute_Convention_for_Data_Discovery_1-3
>>>             <http://wiki.esipfed.org/index.php/Attribute_Convention_for_Data_Discovery_1-3>
>>>
>>>
>>>                 Example: 'POLYGON ((40.26 -111.29, 41.26 -111.29,
>>>                 41.26 -110.29, 40.26 -110.29, 40.26 -111.29))'. 
>>>
>>>             Should be:
>>>
>>>                 Example: 'POLYGON ((-111.29 40.26, -111.29 41.26,
>>>                 -110.29 41.26, -110.29 40.26, -111.29 40.26))'. 
>>>
>>>             Thanks,
>>>             John
>>>             On Mon, Jan 23, 2017 at 4:32 PM, John Maurer
>>>             <jmaurer at hawaii.edu <mailto:jmaurer at hawaii.edu>> wrote:
>>>
>>>                 Hi ACDD folks,
>>>                 Can somebody please provide an example of the
>>>                 Well-Known Text (WKT) that could be used to
>>>                 represent a 3-D bounding box for the ACDD
>>>                 "geospatial_bounds" attribute? Let's say I have the
>>>                 following bounds defined for a global digital
>>>                 elevation model (DEM): geospatial_lat_min: -90
>>>                 geospatial_lat_max: 90 geospatial_lon_min: -180
>>>                 geospatial_lon_max: 180 geospatial_vertical_min: 0
>>>                 geospatial_vertical_max: 1000
>>>                 Would this cube be expressed in WKT as a
>>>                 "POLYHEDRALSURFACE Z( )", a "POLYGON Z( )", or does
>>>                 WKT recognize "ENVELOPE Z( )"? Either way, can an
>>>                 example please be provided? Google has not been very
>>>                 helpful beyond the simpler POINT and POLYGON
>>>                 representations.
>>>                 It seems outlandish to provide a POLYHEDRALSURFACE,
>>>                 which ends up as verbose as the following example.
>>>                 This is for a cube with origin at (0, 0, 0) and
>>>                 opposite corner at (1, 1, 1): POLYHEDRALSURFACE Z (
>>>                   ((0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 1, 0 1 0, 0 0 0)),   ((0 0 0,
>>>                 0 1 0, 1 1 0, 1 0 0, 0 0 0)),   ((0 0 0, 1 0 0, 1 0
>>>                 1, 0 0 1, 0 0 0)),   ((1 1 0, 1 1 1, 1 0 1, 1 0 0, 1
>>>                 1 0)),   ((0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 1 0, 0 1 0)),  
>>>                 ((0 0 1, 1 0 1, 1 1 1, 0 1 1, 0 0 1)) )
>>>                 Thoughts?
>>>                 Thanks!,
>>>                 John Maurer
>>>                 Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
>>>                 University of Hawaii at Manoa
>>>                 P.S. It seems a tad redundant to have both the
>>>                 *_min/*_max attributes and the geospatial_bounds.
>>>
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>>             -- 
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>>             <http://ncsu.edu/> NOAA National Centers for
>>             Environmental Information <http://ncdc.noaa.gov/>
>>             /formerly NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center/ 151
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>     -- 
>     CICS-NC <http://www.cicsnc.org/> Visit us on Facebook
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>     <http://cicsnc.org/> North Carolina State University
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for Environmental Information <http://ncdc.noaa.gov/> /formerly NOAA’s 
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